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Kericho Governor Erick Mutai has asked President William Ruto to suspend the county government amid highly charged leadership wrangles in the county. 

The under-siege governor announced this at a press conference hours after a second impeachment motion was submitted to the Kericho County Assembly. However, many Kenyans have reacted with mixed opinions about how exactly that would be possible.

This article explores the process and outcomes of a county government suspension on Kenyans.co.ke. Furthermore, if a county is dissolved or suspended, what does the law say? 

The Constitution provides for the rare but important step of suspending an entire county government, but the legal threshold for such an action is high and deliberately structured to safeguard devolution. This process is outlined under Article 192 of the Constitution.

Kericho County Assembly Speaker Patrick Mutai during a past session on February 11, 2025.

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Kericho County Assembly

According to Article 192(1), the president has the power to suspend a county government only in two circumstances: first, in the case of an emergency arising from internal conflict or war, and second, in the case of exceptional circumstances that justify the action.

However, this authority is not absolute. In cases that are not emergencies, Article 192(2) requires that an independent commission of inquiry be formed to investigate allegations against the county government. The findings of this inquiry must then be submitted to the president.

After receiving the report, the president must evaluate its contents, and the Senate must then authorise the suspension. Without Senate approval, the suspension cannot proceed, thereby introducing a vital layer of checks and balances.

Once a county government is suspended, Article 192(3) requires that the national government arrange for the continuity of services and functions previously managed by the county. This could involve appointing a caretaker team or administrator to oversee daily operations.

Importantly, the suspension is not indefinite. Article 192(4) limits any suspension to a maximum of 90 days. During this period, preparations must be made to hold fresh elections to reconstitute the county government.

Under Article 192(5), once the suspension period expires, elections must be held to fill the vacant positions of Governor, Deputy Governor, and Members of the County Assembly. Both the executive and legislative arms are dissolved in this process.

The decision to dissolve a county must also take into account the objects of devolution as listed in Article 174 of the Constitution. These include promoting democratic governance, accountability, national unity, and ensuring equitable development and service delivery. Any attempt to bypass the suspension provisions would undermine these core values.

For example, Article 174(a) speaks of promoting democratic and accountable exercise of power, while Article 174(f) focuses on ensuring accessible service delivery to citizens. A suspension that leads to service breakdown or is politically motivated would go against these principles.

Moreover, Article 258(1) empowers any Kenyan to challenge the suspension in court. If a person believes the process is unconstitutional or the reasons provided are not genuine, they have the right to seek redress through judicial review.

Although no county has ever been officially suspended or dissolved since the 2013 implementation of devolution, there have been past attempts. A notable case was in 2014 when a push to suspend Makueni County was initiated, but the constitutional threshold was not met.

In summary, dissolving a county government is a constitutional process that demands procedural fairness, institutional cooperation, and public accountability. While it is a tool of last resort, it exists to uphold the integrity of governance when a county can no longer function within constitutional bounds.

President William Ruto assenting to the Conflict of Interest Bill, 2023, and the Social Protection Bill, 2025, at State House, Nairobi, on July 30, 2025.

PCS

If you have ever bought car insurance or are planning to buy it, getting the sticker alone and putting it on your car is just the beginning. It is important to understand what you are covered for. 

Whether you are driving a Probox or a Prado, understanding how your car insurance works can save you money and stress in case of an accident. 

Here is the all-important information that you need to know about car insurance in Kenya and what it means to have insurance. 

What Is Motor Vehicle Insurance?

Vehicle insurance is a legal requirement in Kenya. The law says every motor vehicle must be insured against third-party risks before being used on public roads (under the Insurance (Motor Vehicle Third Party Risks Act).

Spectacles placed on top of an insurance claiming form.

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IRA

When you buy insurance, the payment you make is called a premium. Your premium joins a pool of premiums from other policyholders. The money from this pool is what is used to pay your claim if the insured event occurs.

Understanding the Main Types of Cover

Third Party Only (TPO)

This is the most basic and probably one of the most well-known covers in Kenya. This insurance covers damage or injury you cause to other people, their cars, or property. 

It is important to note that it does not cover damage to your car.

Third Party, Fire & Theft (TPFT)

This insurance covers everything in TPO, and also if your car is stolen or damaged by fire. However, this scheme does not cover accident damage to your own car.

Comprehensive

This is the most expensive and comprehensive insurance you can get in Kenya or anywhere else you subscribe. It covers everything, including third-party liability, fire, theft, and damage to your car, even if you are responsible for the incident.

What’s Not Covered (Unless You Add It)

• Political violence or riots
• Floods or natural disasters
• Tyres, rims, and windscreens
• Use outside Kenya (e.g., Uganda or Tanzania)

Most insurers offer these as add-ons, but you must ask for them and pay extra.

What's ‘Excess’?

This is the portion of a claim you pay out-of-pocket before the insurer covers the rest. For example, if repairs cost Ksh100,000 and your excess is Ksh20,000, you pay Ksh20,000 while the insurer pays the remaining Ksh80,000.

What Happens in a Write-Off?

If your car is damaged beyond repair or the repair cost exceeds a certain percentage (usually 50-75 per cent) of the car's value, the insurer may declare it a total loss. You will then receive a payout based on the car's market value minus depreciation.

How Claims Work

• Report the incident within 24 hours.
• Get a police abstract.
• Take the vehicle to an approved garage.
• Fill out a claim form.
• Pay your excess.

Any delays in any of these steps may slow down claim approval or even lead to rejection.

How to Choose a Policy

• Check their reputation for claims processing.
• Ask about their approved garages.
• Find out if they offer 24/7 support, including towing services.
• Consider if their rates justify the level of service and coverage.

In the end, choosing the right car insurance comes down to balancing what you can afford with how much risk you are willing to carry. But one thing is clear: knowing your policy inside and out is just as important as renewing it on time. 

A file of cars parked at a yard in Mombasa, Kenya on Tuesday, June 1, 2021.

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Lettie Auctioneers

The current debate surrounding the passing of X influencer Albert Ojwang took a fresh twist when it emerged that key CCTV footage at the Central Police Station was tampered with.

The Independent Policing Oversight Authority (IPOA) deputy chairperson, Ann Wanjiku, revealed this when she appeared before the Senate on Wednesday, a revelation that is likely to impact the ongoing investigations.

But can a CCTV outage be deleted? Or better still, can such footage be admitted as evidence in a court of law? Kenyans.co.ke takes you through all these tough but important questions.

Can CCTV footage be recovered?

Deleted CCTV footage can be recovered in many cases, thanks to advancements in data recovery technology and forensic tools.

Most CCTV systems store footage on digital storage devices such as DVRs (Digital Video Recorders), NVRs (Network Video Recorders), or memory cards. When footage is deleted, it is not immediately erased from the system but instead marked as space available for new data, meaning recovery is possible if the deleted segment has not yet been overwritten.

"CCTV Forensic and data recovery involves retrieving and analysing data from a crime scene. It can be done through various means, such as extracting information from a CCTV’s hard drive or examining CCTV footage," according to East Africa Tech Solutions. 

An image of an installed CCTV camera

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Techcube

Recovery begins with securing the storage device to prevent further data loss. Forensic investigators use specialised software to scan the hard drive or memory card for traces of deleted video files.

These tools can retrieve video fragments, timestamps, and sometimes even metadata like camera ID and recording duration. In Kenya, forensic experts at the Directorate of Criminal Investigations (DCI) or private digital forensics firms are usually called upon to handle such sensitive recovery operations.

Tools Used

Deleted CCTV footage can often be recovered using advanced forensic tools such as Magnet AXIOM and Magnet WITNESS, which specialise in extracting and analysing video from DVRs and NVRs, including deleted files and metadata. DVR Examiner, which is widely used in law enforcement, can recover footage directly from hard drives without needing the original CCTV system.

According to Oxygen Forensics, Cellebrite UFED is also used when footage is stored on removable devices like SD cards or USBs. For broader digital recovery tasks, tools like X-Ways Forensics and Autopsy (open-source) are employed to scan storage for unallocated or deleted video files. Field teams may use VIP 2.0 to extract and export surveillance footage on-site. In Kenya, such tools are used by the DCI’s Cybercrime Unit, private forensic labs, and court-appointed experts during sensitive investigations.

Use in Court

Yes, CCTV footage can be used and admitted as evidence in a court of law. Additionally, it can be used to aid investigations.  

For recovered footage to be admissible in court, every step must be thoroughly documented. The chain of custody records who handled the evidence, when, and how it was processed. Any gap or inconsistency can render the video inadmissible.

In a landmark appeal, the High Court in Nairobi upheld convictions in a bribery case involving DCI officers after EACC investigators presented certified CCTV footage from their Kabete offices.

A graphic representation of a laptop with a recovery in progress and an insert of a CCTV and DVR.

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Trivest

The footage, retrieved on November 28, 2018, was transferred to an official drive and sealed on DVD, accompanied by a formal certificate under Section 106B of the Evidence Act. In court, the video clips clearly showed the suspects entering and exiting the offices, confirming their presence and involvement alongside their official vehicle, and an identifying officer confirmed their identities on-screen.

"Any information from an electronic record that is printed, stored, or copied using a computer shall be treated as a valid document and is admissible in court without needing the original, provided certain legal conditions are met,'' the section reads in part. 

The court relied heavily on the authenticated CCTV evidence to corroborate audio recordings and eyewitness testimony. The visual proof linked suspects to the scene, supporting allegations that the officers had demanded and received a Ksh200,000 bribe.

The footage's integrity was upheld under the country’s forensic and evidentiary standards, helping the court reject defense claims of mistaken identity and uphold the guilty verdict. Ultimately, the thorough documentation and certification of the CCTV footage, including chain-of-custody protocols, proved decisive in affirming the convictions.

In summary, deleted CCTV footage is not necessarily lost forever, but recovery is time-sensitive, technically complex, and legally delicate. In Kenya, using forensic practices (secure imaging, expert tools, chain of custody) is essential to transform deleted or damaged video into credible evidence that can support investigations and withstand legal scrutiny.

An undated photo of a modern CCTV camera on a wall.

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Securitas Technology

Have you ever felt an unexpected urge to pee when you are showering or when you hear water flowing?

Many people have advanced suggestions and theories on why the body functions so.  Despite the familiarity of the trickle-sound technique, it remains far from fully understood.

Conditioning

You are not alone. This common—but—little—understood phenomenon is rooted in both psychological conditioning and physiological responses. The most obvious theory for why it works is via a process of conditioning.

According to scientists and urologists, the sound of running water can act as a conditioned stimulus, much like Pavlov’s bell in high school biology, triggering a learned reflex to urinate.

A photo of an electronic shower head.

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Bubbles and Dreams

Over the years of hearing repeated experience (like hearing the flush-water sound every time you pee), your brain starts associating flowing water with the act of urination, making it a subconscious signal to pee.

‘Rest and Digest’ Mode

According to Christian Jarrett, a cognitive neuroscientist, an alternative theory is that the trickle sound of water makes you feel calm and safe, and so facilitates the activity of the ‘parasympathetic nervous system’.

This system acts to dampen down the ‘sympathetic nervous system’ that’s responsible for the fight-or-flight response. The result is a physiological state that relaxes the muscles that control the bladder, making us feel the urge to go.

Additionally, the warmth and sound of flowing shower water relaxes your body, including the pelvic floor muscles that hold back urine. As a result, the bladder is more ready to trigger that familiar urge.

That rush to the loo when the shower is on or the tap is running is more than just a quirk—it’s your brain and body speaking the same learned language.

It is rooted in conditioned reflexes and physiological relaxation. In moderation, it is harmless, but when routine, it is worth paying attention to for the sake of urinary health.

Warning

However, according to pelvic health experts, associating running water with peeing repeatedly can create unhealthy reflexes. If this becomes a regular habit (like shower peeing or sink-related urges), it may lead to urinary urgency or incontinence—the involuntary leakage of bodily fluids, specifically urine (urinary incontinence) or feces (fecal incontinence), from the bladder or bowel, especially in people with weak pelvic-floor muscles.

Need or Concern

Occasional urges triggered by water are harmless and natural. But if you notice frequent urinary urgency, leakage, or feel compelled to pee at every sink, it might be time to reset the reflex. Health professionals recommend avoiding conditioned responses, practicing pelvic floor exercises, and seeking help if symptoms persist.

A doctor checking a patient's blood pressure.

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Conehealth

For the next 21 days, schools and parents will be tasked with helping Grade 9 students with selecting their career pathways ahead of their transition to Grade 10, set to start next year.

Under the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC), the roughly 1.2 million students will be the first to enter Senior School and choose between three career pathways: STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), arts and sports, and social sciences. Math, English, Kiswahili, and community service are still required, though.

The Ministry of Education has published subject combinations that are arranged according to five main pathways: STEM (Applied Sciences), STEM (Pure Sciences), Arts & Sports, and STEM (Technical Studies).

Here is the full review of subject combinations. 

A photo of students enjoying learning in a classroom

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KNA

The Arts & Sports pathway allows students to specialise in theatre, film, and fine arts. If you choose Arts & Sports with a focus on Fine Arts, Theatre & Film, you can add either Arabic, Biology, Business Studies, Computer Studies, CRE/IRE/HRE, Fasihi ya Kiswahili, French, General Science, Geography, German, History & Citizenship, English Literature, Mandarin, Advanced Mathematics, or Sports & Recreation.

Combining music and dance with fine arts is an additional choice within this pathway. Arabic, Biology, Business Studies, Computer Studies, CRE/IRE/HRE, Fasihi ya Kiswahili, French, General Science, Geography, German, History & Citizenship, English Literature, Mandarin, Advanced Mathematics, or Sports & Recreation are all options if you choose Arts & Sports with a focus on Music & Dance or Fine Arts.

Students may also decide to study dance and music in addition to theatre and film. If you choose Arts & Sports with a focus on Theatre & Film, Music & Dance, you can add either Arabic, Biology, Business Studies, Computer Studies, CRE/IRE/HRE, Fasihi ya Kiswahili, French, General Science, Geography, German, History & Citizenship, English Literature, Mandarin, Advanced Mathematics, or Sports & Recreation.

Sports & Recreation is another option on the pathway for those who are interested in physical education. You can add Arabic, Biology, Business Studies, Computer Studies, CRE/IRE/HRE, Fasihi ya Kiswahili, French, General Science, Geography, German, History & Citizenship, English literature, Mandarin, Advanced Mathematics, or Media Technology if you choose Arts & Sports with a focus on Sports & Recreation.

Under the Social Sciences pathway, students can choose to study business and humanities. Adding Arabic, Computer Studies, CRE/IRE/HRE, Fasihi ya Kiswahili, French, General Science, Geography, German, English literature, Mandarin, or Advanced Mathematics is an option if you choose to study Social Sciences with a focus on Business Studies and History & Citizenship.

Grade 3 pupils from Kiangungi Primary School in Embu County during a CBC assignment

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MARTIN FUNDI

Another route combines CRE/IRE/HRE with Business Studies. You can choose to add Arabic, Computer Studies, Fasihi ya Kiswahili, French, General Science, Geography, German, History & Citizenship, English literature, Mandarin, or Advanced Mathematics if you choose to study Social Sciences with a focus on CRE/IRE/HRE and Business Studies.

Learners can also explore CRE/IRE/HRE and Geography. If you choose to study Social Sciences with a focus on CRE/IRE/HRE and Geography, you can add Arabic, Computer Studies, Fasihi ya Kiswahili, French, General Science, German, English literature, Mandarin, or Advanced Mathematics.

Other combinations include History & Citizenship and Geography. If you opt for Social Sciences with an emphasis on History & Citizenship and Geography, you can add either Arabic, Business Studies, Computer Studies, CRE/IRE/HRE, Fasihi ya Kiswahili, French, General Science, German, Literature in English, Mandarin or Advanced Mathematics.

Within the Languages & Literature track, students may take Arabic and French. If you opt for Social Sciences with an emphasis on Arabic and French, you can add either Business Studies, Computer Studies, CRE/IRE/HRE, General Science, Geography, History & Citizenship, Mandarin or Advanced Mathematics.

For students choosing Fasihi ya Kiswahili and Sign Language, the third subject could be Arabic, Business Studies, Chinese, Computer Studies, CRE/IRE/HRE, French, General Science, Geography, History & Citizenship or Advanced Mathematics.

Another combination includes Indigenous Language and Literature in English. If you opt for Social Sciences with an emphasis on Indigenous Language and Literature in English, you can add either Arabic, Business Studies, Computer Studies, CRE/IRE/HRE, Fasihi ya Kiswahili, French, General Science, Geography, German, History & Citizenship, Mandarin, Advanced Mathematics or Sign Language.

Students participate in a chicken-preparation practical under CBC

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Under the STEM, Applied Sciences pathway, students interested in Agriculture and Business Studies can add either Aviation, Biology, Building Construction, Chemistry, Computer Studies, Electricity, General Science, Geography, Marine & Fisheries, Advanced Mathematics, Metal Work, Physics, Power Mechanics or Woodwork.

Alternatively, students may choose Agriculture and Computer Studies. If you opt for STEM, Applied Sciences with an emphasis on Agriculture and Computer Studies, you can add either Aviation, Biology, Building Construction, Business Studies, Chemistry, Electricity, General Science, Geography, Home Science, Marine & Fisheries, Advanced Mathematics, Metal Work, Physics, Power Mechanics or Woodwork.

Students may also pair Agriculture and Geography. If you opt for STEM - Applied Sciences with an emphasis on Agriculture and Geography, you can add either Aviation, Biology, Building Construction, Computer Science, Electricity, General Science, Marine & Fisheries, Advanced Mathematics, Metal Work, Physics, Power Mechanics or Woodwork.

In STEM, Pure Sciences, combinations are science-intensive. If you opt for STEM, Pure Sciences with an emphasis on Advanced Mathematics and Biology, you can add either Agriculture, Aviation, Building Construction, Business Studies, Chemistry, Computer Studies, Electricity, Geography, Home Science, Marine & Fisheries, Metal Work, Physics, Power Mechanics or Woodwork.

Another rigorous track is Biology and Chemistry. If you opt for STEM, Pure Sciences with an emphasis on Biology and Chemistry, you can add either Agriculture, Aviation, Building Construction, Business Studies, Computer Studies, Electricity, Geography, Home Science, Marine & Fisheries, Metal Work, Power Mechanics or Woodwork.

Students may also opt for Chemistry and Physics. If you opt for STEM, Pure Sciences with an emphasis on Chemistry and Physics, you can add either Agriculture, Aviation, Building Construction, Business Studies, Computer Studies, Electricity, Geography, Home Science, Marine & Fisheries, Metal Work, Power Mechanics or Woodwork.

The STEM, Technical Studies pathway offers a vocational angle. If you opt for STEM, Technical Studies with an emphasis on Aviation and Business Studies, you can add either Biology, Chemistry, Computer Studies, General Science, Geography, Home Science, Marine & Fisheries, Advanced Mathematics, Media Technology or Physics.

Another vocational combination includes Building Construction and Business Studies. If you opt for STEM, Technical Studies with an emphasis on Building Construction and Business Studies, you can add either Biology, Chemistry, Computer Studies, General Science, Geography, Home Science, Marine & Fisheries, Advanced Mathematics, Media Technology or Physics.

Students may also pair Electricity and General Science. If you opt for STEM, Technical Studies with an emphasis on Electricity and General Science, you can add either Computer Studies, Home Science, Marine & Fisheries, Advanced Mathematics or Media Technology.

The process of selecting the subject combinations is set to close on June 30, according to Education Principal Secretary Julius Bitok.

President William Ruto with school students. PHOTO/ Courtesy.

You might accuse me of lying if I told you that a driver in Nairobi is earning over Ksh100,000 per month. Well, I am not.

Meet Allan Macharia, the father of four consistently brings home more than Ksh100,000 every month and sometimes even hits Ksh150,000 during festivities.

We caught up with him in Nairobi’s Riverside Estate, where he’d paused for a short break. Calm, reflective, and clearly proud of his journey, Macharia described how his life changed when he signed up to drive with Bolt three years ago.

“I start my day like most people with a regular job. I don’t wake up that early, but I treat every day as official. After dropping my kids at school, I boot the app and start working,” he tells Kenyans.co.ke.

Macharia drives an average of 8 to 12 hours daily, working all seven days of the week. His daily take-home, he says, averages around Ksh3,800.

According to the seasoned driver, discipline is his biggest asset. Macharia says he treats his work as a professional.

Macharia revealed that he operates with a target in mind. This habit, which he developed during his 15 years in the transport sector, stems from his previous work before being deemed surplus to requirements following the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020.

The driver says he has to make Ksh6,500 daily to meet his target of Ksh3,800. “My target is around Ksh3,800 daily. To get that, I have to make Ksh6,500 in total, with one part going to the car and the rest being my take-home,” he says.

“In a month working full days, I make more than Ksh 100,000. Even when you do Ksh3,000 a day, that's Ksh90,000,” he asserts.

Beyond discipline, Macharia has learnt a few trade secrets. The driver says that when he notices the day has become slow, he opts to drive to another place, maybe one or two kilometres, to find a new market.

“You'd better waste Ksh100 or Ksh200 moving your vehicle rather than waiting at the same spot for hours and then getting a Ksh200 trip. Is it worth the wait?” he narrates.

Though he doesn’t favour specific zones, Macharia has developed an instinct for knowing when and where to shift. “Some places where drivers say it’s slow can suddenly be the best for business. I don’t dismiss any area,” he notes.

According to Macharia, avoiding places where there are many cabs also helps keep a driver active. He says he has learnt that visibility on the Bolt app improves when he stays active.

Macharia credits Bolt’s platform for offering consistent demand and opportunities. “When I started, the platform didn’t have as many customers. Now, the rides are more frequent, and the work is more reliable,” he observes.

That reliability has allowed him to focus entirely on one platform. “I don’t have any other app,” he says proudly. “I specialise, and that has worked for me.”

According to Bolt Kenya, drivers who actively use the app and maintain high ratings are more likely to receive increased ride requests, giving them a competitive advantage and greater earning potential on the platform.

The father of four says he has seen the fruits of his labour. He is comfortably paying off the loan on his car and paying for high school for his kin. “I don’t have to borrow. When you see that you are able to pay your bills and school fees and live well. That makes you feel good,” he says.

Although operating a taxi has its difficulties, Macharia claims that his training in customer service helps him deal with the various clients who hail his car.

Macharia says he has learnt to trust Bolt Kenya to deal with any challenges, including when customers underpay or refuse to pay, which has made his work easier.

“Some read out your name, thinking they are sending you money. When checking your messages later, you discover they did not pay or paid you less. In that case, I put in a complaint to Bolt and they refunded my money,” he narrated.

For Macharia, Bolt Kenya has been a partner, and he insists he is reaping the rewards from the company's growing footprint in Kenya. “My goal is to buy two more cars so that I can be an employer,” he says.

Bolt driver Allan Macharia posing for a photo in Nairobi, June 2025.

Kenyans.co.ke

On Wednesday, the county government of Nairobi shut down the Grand Lodge of East Africa’s Freemasons’ Hall over alleged land rates arrears mounting up to Ksh19 million, eliciting a heated debate on what freemasonry is all about.

The move by the county opened discussion surrounding Freemasonry, often perceived as secretive, leading to speculation about its activities and influence.

Some Kenyans see it as a fraternal group focused on charity and personal development, while others associate it with mystery, conspiracy theories surrounding devil worshipping and ritualistic practices, and religious concerns.

"I feel like we have been very misinformed a lot about Freemasonry. Just like we have been misinformed about nutrition, education, medicine, religion, and governance. All the things that we were told were bad are not bad, as we have realised. We have always been given the opposite info," a Kenyan told Maina Kageni on Thursday.

The Grand Lodge of East Africa’s Freemasons’ Hall in Nairobi, May 14, 2025.

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District Grand Lodge of East Africa, Freemasons’ Hall, Nairobi - Kenya

In this piece, we look at what Freemasonry is all about. According to its official website, Freemasonry is one of the world's oldest secular fraternal societies, which originated in Scotland.

It is a society of men concerned with moral and spiritual values. Its members are taught its precepts by a series of ritual dramas. 

The essential qualification for admission into and continuing membership is a belief in a Supreme Being. Membership is open to men of any race or religion who can fulfil this essential qualification and who are of good reputation.

The organisation, however, has clarified that it is neither a religious organisation nor is it a substitute for such.

"Freemasonry is not a religion, nor is it a substitute for religion. The one essential qualification means that Freemasonry is open to men of many religions, and it expects and encourages them to continue to follow their faith. It is not permitted for Freemasons to discuss religion at Masonic meetings," the organisation explains on its official site.

The organisation is involved in several charity projects. Some charities benefiting from it are hospitals, schools, community centres, the elderly, the terminally ill, and many more needy members of society. 

The brotherhood is driven by three major values, which are brotherly love, relief, and truth. Members are graded in four categories, which are life member, patron, grand patron, and Lodge/Chapter Grand Patron.

It has a significant presence across Africa, with numerous lodges operating under different Grand Lodges, including the District Grand Lodge of East Africa, that covers Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Seychelles.

Freemasons' Hall in Johannesburg, South Africa, serves as a key centre for Masonic activities. Sharook Riviera Grand Lodge in Zanzibar, Tanzania, is part of the broader Grand Lodge of Africa.

Stone Laying Ceremony in Kampala, November 16, 2024.

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Grand Lodge of Africa